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La "découverte" du Nouveau Monde, en 1492, provoque un bouleversement d'une ampleur inouïe, qui fascine les penseurs humanistes de la Renaissance. Mû par son insatiable curiosité, Montaigne consacre une partie des Essais à la rencontre entre Européens et Amérindiens. Inspirés des récits de voyageurs, les chapitres "Des cannibales" et "Des coches" proposent un portrait ethnologique des "sauvages". Avec le souci de débusquer les préjugés, Montaigne déconstruit les accusations de barbarie à leur encontre. "Chacun appelle barbarie ce qui n'est pas dans ses coutumes", constate-t-il. Retraçant les usages des peuples indigènes, il loue leur sagesse, leur culture et le naturel de leurs coutumes. Ce faisant, il tend aux Européens un miroir qui reflète la véritable sauvagerie : celle de la colonisation. + Etude de l'oeuvre : construction des chapitres ; explications de texte ; points de grammaire + Parcours : "Notre monde vient d'en trouver un autre" : rencontres de l'autre et de l'ailleurs ; l'anthropophagie en question + Cahier photos + Sujets du bac.
Michel de Montaigne
Michel de Montaigne (1533-1592), noble y pensador francés que repartió su vida entre la actividad política y los retiros literarios en su castillo, fue uno de los primeros filósofos en escribir su obra íntegramente en francés en lugar de latín. Montaigne acuñó por primera vez el término «ensayo» referido a un nuevo género literario que ha gozado de innumerables e ilustres practicantes hasta nuestros días. Frente a la obra filosófica o moral clásica, que pretendía pontificar sobre cómo es el mundo y cómo debe comportarse el hombre en él, Montaigne opuso el concepto más escéptico y liberal de «ensayo» (en el sentido de ejercicio o prueba) para designar su método intelectual, su estilo de vida, su experiencia de sí mismo.
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