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Espectros fue el primer título que Marx pensó para su Manifiesto. Derrida lo recupera en este libro para realizar una crítica de la herencia de Marx en el mundo contemporáneo, una crítica vertida desde su particular teoría filosófica: la deconstrucción.Jacques Derrida critica un nuevo dogmatismo, una nueva intolerancia que se ha adueñado de Europa, el dogmatismo capitalista que insiste en la muerte de Marx y del marxismo. Para Derrida es necesario conjurar de nuevo los espectros, los «espíritus» marxianos que perviven en la cultura europea, no para rehabilitar aquello en que estamos de acuerdo que no es necesario repetir, sino para romper la censura y la prohibición que estigmatizan todo lo relacionado con él, manteniendo vivo el diálogo con los que se declaran partidarios suyos.Partiendo de la distinción entre la justicia y el derecho, y debatiéndose entre dos puntos de vista (el de la herencia y el del mesianismo del filósofo alemán), Espectros de Marx es sobre todo el testimonio o la apuesta intempestiva de una toma de posición. Derrida se muestra partidario de un cierto marxismo que contrarreste la imperante doctrina capitalista y que acalle las constantes e insistentes voces que, en un determinado espacio geopolítico, niegan la pervivencia del pensamiento de Marx y afirman su imposible recuperación.«Espectros de Marx no es exactamente un libro sobre Marx; es una lectura de Marx en el contexto de la derrota de quienes se proclamaron y fueron aceptados como sus herederos, junto con el triunfo geopolítico de su enemigo, el liberalismo económico y político» (José María Ripalda).
Jacques Derrida
Filósofo judío francés cuya obra dio lugar a la escuela de la deconstrucción, una metodología analítica que ha sido aplicada a la literatura, la lingüística, la filosofía, el Derecho y la arquitectura. Derrida nació en 1930 en El-Biar, Argelia. En 1952 empezó a estudiar filosofía en la École Normale Supérieure en París, donde más tarde impartió clases desde 1965 a 1984. Entre 1960 y 1964, enseñó en la Sorbona de París. Desde principios de la década de 1970, Derrida ha dividido su tiempo entre París y los Estados Unidos, donde ha impartido clases en universidades como la John Hopkins, Yale y la Universidad de California en Irvine. Jacques Derrida murió el 9 de octubre del 2004, debido a un cáncer de páncreas.
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