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J.R.R. TOLKIEN
John Ronald Reuel Tolkien nació el 3 de enero de 1892 en Bloemfontein en el Estado Libre de Orange. A principios de 1895, su madre, agotada por el clima, regresó a Inglaterra con Ronald y su hermano pequeño, Hilary. Tras el fallecimiento de su padre, a causa de unas fiebres reumáticas, él y su familia se establecieron brevemente en Sarehole, cerca de Birmingham. Esta hermosa zona rural causó una honda impresión en el joven Ronald, y sus efectos pueden verse en su escritura y en algunos de sus cuadros. Mabel falleció en 1904, y los hijos quedaron a cargo del padre Francis Morgan, un sacerdote del Oratorio de Birmingham. En el King Edward’s School, Ronald desarrolló su amor por las lenguas; más adelante inventaría sus propios idiomas. También por esta época conoció a Edith Bratt, con quien se casó en 1916. Cuando estalló la primera guerra mundial en 1914, Ronald era todavía un estudiante en Oxford. Se graduó al año siguiente, con un sobresaliente en Inglés y poco después fue enrolado como teniente en los Lancashire Fusiliers. En 1916 combatió en la batalla del Somme, pero cayó víctima de la fiebre de las trincheras y fue devuelto a casa como no apto para el servicio. Tolkien fue uno de los mejores filólogos de su época y gran parte de su vida laboral transcurrió en Oxford, primero como profesor de anglosajón y luego como profesor de lengua inglesa y literatura. Al mismo tiempo, en privado, trabajaba en el gran ciclo de mitos y leyendas que más adelante se publicaría con el título de El Silmarillion. Edith y él tuvieron cuatro hijos, y en parte fue para ellos por lo que escribió el cuento El Hobbit, publicado por Allen & Unwin en 1937. Tuvo tanto éxito que el editor quiso tener en seguida una secuela, pero no fue hasta 1954 que apareció el primer volumen de la obra maestra de Tolkien, El Señor de los Anillos, con un éxito inmediato. Su enorme popularidad sorprendió a Tolkien. Ronald y Edith Tolkien se mudaron a Bournemouth al llegar a la vejez, pero cuando Edith murió en 1971, Tolkien regresó a Oxford. Ronald Tolkien falleció el 2 de septiembre de 1973, tras una breve enfermedad.
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